Journal Reference

Amin, A. R. (2016). The Middle Path Matrix of Biometrics. The Daily Star, 9 October. https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/matrix-biometrics-1210210
Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open, 2: 8-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001.
Bossuroy, T., Delavallade, C., Pons, V & Mclntyre, V. (2019). The power of biometric identification for development. VoxDevLits. https://voxdev.org/topic/technology-innovation/power-biometric-identification-development
Currion, P. (2015). Eyes wide shut: The challenge of humanitarian biometrics. The New Humanitarian, 26 August. http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2015/08/26/eyes-wide-shut-challenge-humanitarian-biometrics
Daily Star (2021). Rohingya NID scam: Latest arrestee remanded. The Daily Star, 28 June. https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/rohingya-nid-scam-latest-arrestee-remanded-2119469
Dhaka Tribune (2023). Data leak controversy: Kamal alleges hacking, palak points to website vulnerability. The Dhaka Tribune,.9 June 2023. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/319998/data-leak-controversy-kamal-alleges-hacking
Dixon, P. (2017). A failure to ‘do no harm’—India's Aadhaar biometric ID program and its inability to protect privacy in relation to measures in Europe and the U.S. Health and Technology, 7(4): 539-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-017-0202-6
Engine Room and Oxfam (2018). ‘Biometrics in the Humanitarian Sector’, March, 1-22. https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620454/rr-biometrics-humanitarian-sector-050418-en.pdf;jsessionid=B827E556B112CF8E884718A02139D040?sequence=1 
Forman, J. & Damschroder, L. (2007). Qualitative Content Analysis. In: Jacoby, L. & Siminoff, L.A. (ed.), Empirical Methods for Bioethics: A Primer. Advances in Bioethics (pp. 39-62). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3709(07)11003-7
FPMU (2007). Vulnerable Group Development (VGD). Food Planning and Monitoring Unit: Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. http://fpmu.gov.bd/agridrupal/content/vulnerable-group-development-vgd 
Frederick, D. (2018). Fighting poverty with fingerprint technology: Toby Norman, Co-founder and CEO of Simprints. Global Development Commons (GDC), UNICEF. https://gdc.unicef.org/resource/fighting-poverty-fingerprint-technology-toby-norman-co-founder-and-ceo-simprints 
Gelb, A. & Clark, J. (2013). Identification for development: The biometrics revolution. Center for Global Development, Working Paper, 315 (January): 1-14. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/1426862_file_Biometric_ID_for_Development.pdf 
Guardian (2022). Afghanistan: More than 100 Believed Killed despite Taliban Amnesty Offer, Says UN’ (2022). The Guardian, 31 January. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/31/afghanistan-more-than-100-believed-killed-despite-taliban-amnesty-offer-says-un
Hassan, S., Dhali, M., Zaman, F. & Tanveer, M. (2021). Big data and predictive analytics in healthcare in Bangladesh: Regulatory challenges’, Heliyon, 7(6): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07179
Hilbert, M. (2016). Big data for development: A review of promises and challenges. Development Policy Review, 34(1): 135-174.
Human Rights Watch (2018). India: Identification Project Threatens Rights. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/01/13/india-identification-project-threatens-rights#:~:text=(New%20York)%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Indian,Human%20Rights%20Watch%20said%20today.
Human Rights Watch (2019). Bangladesh: Internet Ban Risks Rohingya Lives. Human Rights Watch https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/26/bangladesh-internet-ban-risks-rohingya-lives 
Human Rights Watch (2021). UN Shared Rohingya Data Without Informed Consent. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/15/un-shared-rohingya-data-without-informed-consent
Islam, M. T. & Karim, M. E. (2018). Protecting privacy in biometric data. The Daily Star, 10 July. https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/rights-advocacy/protecting-privacy-biometric-data-1602577
Islam, M. Z. & Parvez, S. (2020). Food aid for the poor: Smart cards for 1.25cr families. The Daily Star, 29 April. https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/food-aid-the-poor-smart-cards-125cr-families-1897789
Jacobsen, K. L. & Steinacker, K. (2021).  Contingency planning in the digital age: Biometric data of Afghans must be reconsidered. Oslo: Peace Research Institute. https://blogs.prio.org/2021/08/contingency-planning-in-the-digital-age-biometric-data-of-afghans-must-be-reconsidered/
Jacobsen, K. L. (2015). Experimentation in humanitarian locations: UNHCR and biometric registration of Afghan refugees. Security Dialogue, 46(2), 144-164.
Kavanagh, M. M, Baral, S. D., Milanga, M. & Sugarman, J. (2018). Biometrics and public health surveillance in criminalized and key populations: policy, ethics, and human rights considerations. The lancet. HIV, S2352-3018(18)30243-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30243-1
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Loy, I. (2021). Biometric data and the Taliban: What are the risks? The New Humanitarian, 2 September. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/interview/2021/2/9/the-risks-of-biometric-data-and-the-taliban
Madianou, M. (2019). The biometric assemblage: Surveillance, experimentation, profit, and the measuring of refugee bodies. Television & New Media, 20(6), 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476419857682
Mahmud, T. (2018). 250,000 Rohingyas went abroad with Bangladeshi passports. Dhaka Tribune, 19 September. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/155967/250-000-rohingyas-went-abroad-with-bangladeshi
Martin, A. & Taylor, L. (2021). Exclusion and inclusion in identification: Regulation, displacement and data justice. Information Technology for Development, 27(1), 50-66. 
Mitek (2022). Advantages and disadvantages of biometrics. Mitek Systems. https://www.miteksystems.com/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-biometrics
OECD (2017). Overview: What will it take for data to enable development? Development Co-operation Report 2017: Data for Development. Paris: OECD https://doi.org/10.1787/dcr-2017-6-en
Oroz, M. L. (2017). From big data to humanitarian-in-the-loop algorithms. Innovation 
PARIS21 (2015). A road map for a country-led data revolution. Paris: OECD. http://datarevolution.paris21.org/sites/default/files/Road_map_for_a_Country_led_Data_Revolution_web.pdf
Paul, R. (2021). Bangladesh to move more Rohingya Muslims to remote island, despite outcry. Reuters, 14 February. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-rohingya/bangladesh-to-move-more-rohingya-muslims-to-remote-island-despite-outcry-idUKKBN2AE0FP 
PDR (2017). Identity System and Civil Registration in Asia. Population and Development Review, 43(1): 183-187. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/padr.12040 
Raftree, L. (2019). Head to head: Biometrics and aid. The New Humanitarian, 17 July. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2019/07/17/head-head-biometrics-and-aid
Rahman, Z. (2017). Irresponsible data? The risks of registering the Rohingya. The New Humanitarian, 23 October. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2017/10/23/irresponsible-data-risks-registering-rohingya  
Rashid, M. (2020). Many Rohingyas get involved in crimes. New Age, 25 August. https://www.newagebd.net/article/114440/many-rohingyas-get-involved-in-crimes 
Sakib, S.M.N. (2019). Bangladesh: Detentions over giving NID card to Rohingya. Anadulo Agency, 22 September. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-detentions-over-giving-nid-card-to-rohingya/1590865 
SAS (2021). Big data and global development. SAS Institute Inc. https://www.sas.com/en_gb/insights/articles/big-data/big-data-global-development.html 
SDSN (2015). Data for development: A need assessment for SDG monitoring and statistical capacity development. SDSN. http://unsdsn.org/wp content/uploads/2015/04/Data-for-Development-Full-Report.pdf. Cited in OECD (2017). ‘Overview: What will it Take for Data to Enable Development?’ In: Development Co-operation Report 2017: Data for Development. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/dcr-2017-6-en.
Service. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/big-data-humanitarian-loop-algorithms/
Smith, I. (2022). Biometric authentication: The good, the bad, and the ugly. JDSUPRA. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/biometric-authentication-the-good-the-6828922/
SSPS (2021). Vulnerable group feeding. Social Security Policy Support Program. Dhaka: Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. http://socialprotection.gov.bd/en/vulnerable-group-feeding-vgf/ 
Steinacker, K. (2019). Head to head: Biometrics and aid’. The New Humanitarian, 17 July. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2019/07/17/head-head-biometrics-and-aid 
Sutrop, M. (2010). Ethical issues in governing biometric technologies. In: Kumar, A. & Zhang, D. (ed), Ethics and Policy of Biometrics. ICEB 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6005. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12595-9_14
Taylor, L. (2019). Global data justice. Communications of the ACM, 62(6), 22-24.
THALES (2021). Biometric data and privacy laws: GDPR, CCPA, CPRA. 10 April. https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security/government/biometrics/biometric-data  
UNHCR (2015). Policy of the protection of personal data of persons of concern to UNHCR. Geneva: UNHCR. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/44570 
UNHCR (2018). Guidance on registration and identity management. Geneva: UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/registration-guidance/ 
UNHCR (2019). More than half a million Rohingya refugees receive identity documents, most for the first time. Geneva: UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/uk/news/briefing/2019/8/5d4d24cf4/half-million-rohingya-refugees-receive-identity-documents-first-time.html 
UNICEF. (2005). The ‘Rights’ start to life: A statistical analysis of birth registration. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.
United Nations (2013). Big Data for Development: A primer. Global Pulse https://www.unglobalpulse.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Primer-2013_FINAL-FOR-PRINT.pdf
United Nations (2016). Iris scan helps Syrian refugees in Jordan receive UN supplies in blink of eye.  Refugees and Migrants. #UN4RefugeesMigrants. United Nations. https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/ar/node/100042481#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20food%20relief,%2C%20vouchers%20or%20e%2Dcards. 
Vassas, Q. & Laida, N. (2018). Addressing customer due diligence obligations to promote rohingya financial inclusion. Bangladesh: Cash Working Group in Cox’s Bazaar, 3. https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/addressing_customer_due_diligence_obligations_to_promote_rohingya_financial_inclusion.pdf 
Wille, B. & Jacobson, K., L. (2023). The data of the most vulnerable people is the least  protected. Ada Lovelace Institute. https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/blog/data-most-vulnerable-people-least-protected/
Woodward, J. D., Orlans, N. M. & Higgins, P. T. (2003). Biometrics: Identity assurance in the information age. In: The Engine Room and Oxfam (2018). Biometrics in the Humanitarian Sector (pp. 1-22). https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/620454/rr-biometrics-humanitarian-sector-050418-en.pdf;jsessionid=B827E556B112CF8E884718A02139D040?sequence=1
World Bank (2017). Frequently asked questions: Identification system for enhanced access to services (IDEA) Project’. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh/brief/frequently-asked-questions-qas-identification-system-for-enhanced-access-to-services-idea-project 
World Vision (2021). Rohingya refugee crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. World Vision. https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/rohingya-refugees-bangladesh-facts#:~:text=Since%20Aug.,of%20people%20in%20recent%20history.&text=Flooding%20into%20Cox's%20Bazar%20district,who%20had%20fled%20years%20before
Yang, W., Wang, S., Sahri, M. N., Karie, M. N. & Ahmed, M. (2021). Biometrics for Internet-of-Things security: A review sensor. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186163 
Zhang, X., Stable, J. E., Bourne, E. P., Peprah, E., Duru, K., Breen, N., Berriga, D., Wood, F., Jackson, S. T., Wang, W. S. D. & Denny, J. (2017). Big data science: Opportunities and challenges to address minority health and health disparities in the 21st century’, Ethnicity & Disease, 27(2): 95-106